Noun Clauses
Noun clause adalah clause (i.e. subject
dan verb) yang difungsikan sebagai noun. Noun clause dalam kalimat pada umumnya
digunakan sebagai subject dan object kalimat.
Noun clause dapat diawali oleh:
·
Question word
atau relative pronoun baik berupa single question word maupun phrase:
·
Single question
word (i.e. when, how, what, ect.).
·
Question word +
determiner/ noun/ adjective / adverb.
·
Question word +
infinitive.
·
Conjunction
(i.e. whether dan if).
·
That atau the
fact that.
Sehingga pola dari noun clause adalah:
Question word/conjunction/that
+ subject + verb + …
A. Noun Clauses
diawali dengan Question words
Dalam How to Address Questions sudah dibahas tentang
penggunaan kata tanya baik dalam membuatinformation questions maupun dalam membuat embedded questions. Embedded questions tersebut
adalah noun clause. Dalam section ini diberikan contoh tambahan untuk merefresh
memori anda.
1. Single question
words.
Contoh:
1.
Where she
is now is still
unknown.
2.
When they
arrive is still
uncertain.
3.
I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer are two
Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt. Perhatikan: dalam kalimat
ini, noun clause what you did last
summer menjadi object dari I
know dan I still know,
dan setelah digabung dengan: are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love
Hewitt, menjadi subject majemuk dari kalimat.
Noun clause dapat ditempatkan diawal
kalimat (sebagai subject) atau sebagai object. Jika anda ingin merubah posisi
noun clause dari subject kalimat menjadi object kalimat, biasanya dibutuhkan
pronoun it atau sedikit modifikasi kata. Contoh di atas menjadi:
1.
It is still
unknown where she is now.
2.
Do you
know when they arrive?
3.
Two Hollywood
movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Karena merupakan
judul movies, noun clause what
you did last summer tidak perlu diputar posisinya.
Note:
a) Clause yang diawali oleh question
words tertentu (i.e. when, whenever, where) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai
adverbial clause.
Contoh:
1.
I was reading a
book when the phone rang.
2.
I went to where I and my ex girlfriend had been last
weekend.
3.
I suddenly get
nausea whenever I see his face. (nausea = mual/mau muntah).
Contoh yang lain dapat dibaca di topik: Conjunctions.
b). Clause yang diawali oleh question
words tertentu (i.e. who, whom, whose + noun) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai
adjective clause. Dalam hal ini, kata tanya tersebut sebenarnya adalah relative
pronoun. Well, jangan terlalu dipusingkan dengan istilah. Yang penting anda
mengerti pola/struktur kalimatnya. Tapi, jika anda penasaran, silakan baca
topic adjective clauses.
Contoh:
1.
I think
you whom Mr. Dodi was looking for. (Saya kira kamu (orang) yang
pak Dodi sedang cari-cari tadi).
2.
Mr. Dodi, who is a teacher, was looking for you at school.
3.
Rommy, whose book was stolen last week, just bought another
new book yesterday.
Lantas, bagaimana cara membedakan apakah itu noun clause,
adverbial clause, atau adjective clause? Jawabannya sederhana. Noun clause
dapat digantikan dengan pronoun it, sedangkan
adverbial clause dan adjective clause tidak. Noun clause menjawab pertanyaan
what dan who/whom; Adverbial clause menjawab pertanyaan when, where, how
(termasuk how much, how often, ect), dan why. Adjective clause (i.e. kata sifat
yang berbentuk clause) menerangkan noun, dan relative pronounnya (i.e. who,
that, ect.) dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti “yang“.
Adverbial clauses sudah disinggung pada pembahasan tentangconjunctions. Khusus untuk perbedaan noun clause
dan adjective clause dapat dibaca di topik:Perbedaan
Noun Clause dan Adjective Clause.
2. Question words +
ever/soever
Kecuali how, diakhir question words dapat ditambahkan ever atau soever menjadi whenever =
whensoever, whatever= whatsoever, dan seterusnya. Arti ever atau soever di sini sama,
yaitu saja/pun, tinggal dikombinasikan
dengan kata tanya di depannya. Sedangkan, how+ever menjadi however (i.e. adverb atau
juga disebut kata transisi yang berarti namun/walapun demikian) tidak termasuk
dalam katagori ini.
Contoh:
1.
We will
accept whatever you want us to do. (Kami akan menerima/melakukan
apa saja yang kamu ingin kami lakukan).
2.
Whoever
can melt her feeling is a very
lucky guy. (melt = meluluhkan). Be careful: guy (dibaca gae)= laki-laki,
sedangkan gay (dibaca gei) = fag = homo.
3.
She has
agreed to wherever the man would bring
her. (Dia telah setuju kemanapun pria itu membawanya pergi). Note: in
speaking (informal), preposition (dalam hal ini to,
etc.) biasanya diletakkan di ujung kalimat. She has agreed wherever the man would bring her to.
3. Question words +
nouns
Question words + nouns yang sering
digunakan antara lain: what time (jam berapa), what day (hari apa), what time
(jam berapa), what kind (jenis apa), what type (tipe apa), whose + nouns (i.e.
whose car, whose book, ect.), dan seterusnya.
Contoh:
1.
I can’t
remember what day we will take the exam.
2.
As long as I am
faithful, she doesn’t care what type of family I come from.
(faithful = setia).
3.
Do you
know what time it is?
4.
I don’t
know whose car is parked in front of my house.
4. Question words +
adjectives
Question words + adjectives yang sering
digunakan antara lain: how long (berapa panjang/lama), how far (berapa jauh),
how old (berapa tua/umur), ect.
Contoh:
1.
Man! She still
looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
2.
I am lost.
Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
3.
What a jerk. He
didn’t even ask how long I had been waiting for him.
5. Question words +
determiners.
Question words + determiners yang
sering digunakan adalah: how many (berapa banyak) dan how much (berapa
banyak). Remember: how many diikuti oleh plural nouns, sedangkan how much
diikuti oleh uncountable nouns.
Contoh:
1.
Is there any
correlation between how good he or she is in English and how many books he or she has?
2.
How much
your English skill will improve is determined by how hard you practice.
6. Question words +
adverbs.
Question words + adverbs yang sering
digunakan adalah: how often (berapa sering), how many times (berapa kali) ect.
Contoh:
1.
No matter how often I practice, my English still sucks. (Tidak
memandang berapa kali saya latihan, bahasa Inggris saya masih jelek). Suck
(informal verb) = jelek/tidak baik; arti suck yang lain: mengisap.
2.
I don’t want my
parents to know how many times I have left school early.
(leave school early = bolos).
7. Question words +
infinitives.
Jika question words langsung diikuti oleh infinitives, invinitives tersebut mengandung
makna shouldatau can/could. Perhatikan bahwa
subject setelah question words dihilangkan.
Contoh:
1.
She didn’t
know what to do = She didn’t know what she should do. (Dia tidak tahu apa yang seharusnya dia
lakukan).
2.
Please tell
me how to get the train station from here = Please tell
me how I can get the train station from here.
3.
We haven’t
decided when to go to the beach = We haven’t decided when we should go to the beach.
4.
Marry told
us where to find her = Marry told us where we could find her.
B. Noun
clauses diawali dengan whether/if
Whether bisa diikuti oleh OR/NOT bisa juga tidak; makna
kalimat biasanya sama walaupun OR/NOT tidak disebutkan (ini tergantung konteks
kalimat). Untuk penggunaan if,
selain telah dibahas di topicconjunctions, juga telah dibahas di topic conditionals. Note: whether pelafalannya sama
dengan weather (cuaca), tulisannya juga mirip. Be careful, jangan sampai
tertukar.
Contoh:
1.
I am not
sure whether she is coming or not = I am not sure whether or not she is coming = I am not sure whether she is coming. (Saya tidak yakin apakah dia akan datang atau tidak).
2.
We can’t
decide whether we should go out or stay home. = We can’t
decide whether to go or (to) stay home. Perhatikan, infinitives
juga dapat digunakan setelah whether.
3. I am not sure whether I should take
economics or law after I graduate from high school. (Saya tidak yakin apakah
saya harus ngambil Ekonomi atau Hukum setelah lulus SMA nanti).
4. If you take economics, I will take
economics. On the other hand, if you take law, I will take law too.
C. Noun
clauses diawali dengan that/the fact that
Di sini that berarti bahwa, sedangkan the fact that berarti fakta bahwa. Sedangkan, that
dalam adjective clauses berarti yang.
Contoh:
1.
That she
has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of
people that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
2.
It is the fact that the world is round = the fact that the world is round is well known.
3.
It was
obvious that she was very sick = The fact
that she was very sick was obvious.
4. It seems that it is going to rain soon.
Sekarang coba anda latihan buat
kalimat dengan menggunakan:
1.
It is + (true, too bad, unfortunate, strange,
impossible, unlikely, a well known fact, my belief, etc) +
(that/the fact that) + S +V.
2.
It + stative +
(that/the fact that) + S +V. Kata-kata yang termasuk stative
verbs dapat dilihat pada topik simple present tense.
Referensi
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